Pharmacogenomics: History, Development and Challenges

Aditi Ranade

doi:10.31695/IJASRE.2021.34123

Authors

Aditi Ranade Ms

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2021.34123

Keywords:

Pharmacogenomics, Adverse drug reactions, Drug Development, Personalized Medicine, Pharmacogenomic Testing

Abstract

Pharmacogenomics is seen as the combination of pharmacology and genomics. It studies the effect of genetic variations and genetic polymorphisms on the drug response. Individuals respond differently to drugs and sometimes the effects are unpredictable. Differences in DNA that alter the function or expression of proteins that are targeted by drugs can contribute notably to variation in the responses of individuals. This intersection of genomics and medicine has the capacity to yield a new set of molecular diagnostic tools which can be used to optimize drug therapy. By optimizing drug therapy, reducing adverse drug reaction events, and developing patient-centric approaches, pharmacogenomics can achieve the goal of personalized medicine wherein the right drug or right amount of drug is given to the right patient. The present article sheds light upon the historical perspective of pharmacogenomics and the seminal studies examining the fact that patients do not uniformly respond to medications. It also emphasizes the current status of pharmacogenomics and drug development. Some of the barriers in implementing pharmacogenomics have also been presented.

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Pharmacogenomics: History, Development and Challenges

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