Evaluation of Geophysical and Geochemical Characteristics of Soil and Groundwater Resources in Yenagoa Environs, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract

The problem of potable water has increased in recent times due to an increase in population density, petroleum exploration activities, and spillages along the creeks. Thus, three (3) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were made using the Schlumberger array in the study location to obtain geophysical data, using the ABEM SAS 1000 terrameter, in order to investigate the occurrence of groundwater in relation to the depth and thickness of the viable aquifer. Six (6) surface water samples and six (6) subsoil samples were obtained from the study area. Both subsoil and surface water samples were analyzed to determine the concentration of contaminants. Analysis was performed using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscope (AAS) method which was compared with the World Health Organization Standard. Results and interpretation of analyses revealed high contaminant contents of lead (Pb) with values of subsoil samples at S2 (18 mg/l) and S6 (8.1302 mg/l), while Mn showed a very high concentration of contaminant values for all subsoil samples which exceeded the WHO permissible standard which indicates that aquifer may likely be polluted by the intrusion. Cr for subsoil samples and Mn of surface water samples are likely within or slightly higher concentration values when compared with the WHO limit. It is advisable to carry out proper water treatment from source and soil degradation, for potable drinking water and cultivation of agricultural products respectively.