Ward Hierarchical Clustering: Indonesia's Green Economy Implementation Performance based on Environmental Quality towards Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract

Environmental issues have recently emerged as an essential topic of discussion on a global scale. Actions to protect and preserve the environment should be addressed, which causes several problems such as water and air pollution, soil degradation, forest destruction, and diversion of agricultural land. Economic goals are given higher priority than other goals, such as environmental and community goals, in national development strategies and programs. The "green economy" concept is a solution to the sustainable concept to overcome the above challenges. Thus, this paper attempts to build a sustainable economic model based on research from various scientific sources. The indicators presented in this paper can help advise regional policymakers to continue progressing and developing according to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) pillars. This study uses the Ward Hierarchical Clustering method. The first cluster is the provinces of Aceh, North Sumatra, and West Sumatra, which also interpret that the performance of implementing a green economy in related areas based on environmental quality is very good. The second cluster is East Java, South Sumatra, and South Sulawesi, which indicates that the performance of the implementation of a green economy in related areas based on environmental quality is quite good. Then the third cluster is West Java, which interprets that the performance of implementing a green economy in related areas based on environmental quality still needs attention from the local government. It is known that 97.06% of Indonesia's territory has implemented a green economy in related areas based on very good environmental quality.